![]() The townhouses often included storage facilities and remarkable brick granaries, some of which were up to five storeys high. A fine example is the house in which Nicolaus Copernicus was reputedly born in 1473 it has been preserved as a museum devoted to the famous astronomer’s life and achievements. Many townhouses in Toruń were used for both residential and commercial purposes. Both the Old Town and the New Town have Gothic parish churches and numerous fine medieval brick townhouses, many of which have retained their original Gothic façades, partition walls, stucco-decorated ceilings, vaulted cellars, and painted decoration. Both urban areas bear witness to the interchange and creative adaptation of artistic experience that took place among the Hanseatic towns.Īn exceptionally complete picture of the medieval way of life is illustrated in the original street patterns and early buildings of Toruń. The adjacent New Town developed from 1264, mainly as a centre for crafts and handiwork. The Old Town was granted an urban charter in 1233, which swiftly led to its expansion as a major commercial trading centre. The ruins and the archaeological remains have been excavated and safeguarded. The majority of the castle – which was built in a horseshoe-shaped plan in the mid-13th century as a base for the conquest and evangelization of Prussia – was destroyed during an uprising in 1454, when the local townspeople revolted against the Teutonic Order. The combination of the castle with the two towns, surrounded by a circuit of defensive walls, represents a rare form of medieval settlement agglomeration. The Medieval Town of Toruń is comprised of three elements: the ruins of the Teutonic Castle, the Old Town, and the New Town. Toruń became a leading member of the Hanseatic League in the territories ruled by the Teutonic Order. Toruń was founded in the period when Christianity was being spread through Eastern Europe by the military monks of the Teutonic Order, and when rapid growth in trade between the countries of the Baltic Sea and Eastern Europe was being spurred by the Hanseatic League. Multiple tiers existed for example, in Sweden, the basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a higher-tier charter granting staple right.Toruń in northern Poland is a remarkably well preserved example of a medieval European trading and administrative centre, located on the Vistula River. Some degree of self-government, representation by diet, and tax-relief could also be granted. Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called a borough, hence the term "borough rights" ( German : Stadtrecht Dutch : stadsrechten). Common privileges involved trade (marketplace, the storing of goods, etc.) and the establishment of guilds. Judicially, a borough (or burgh) was distinguished from the countryside by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. The former name of the town literally means "Saturday in Spiš" and it is derived from a day of week in which the town was granted a right to organize a market. Aspect of city law in medieval Europe The borough charter of Flensburg (1284) Medieval square in Spišská Sobota, Slovakia (now Poprad). ![]()
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